5 Minute Facts About Packet Timing You have a holdover requirement, and you need to select an oscillator from the choices presented to you by your timing equipment vendor. More stable oscillators are better, but they also cost more. You want to know which is the least expensive option that meets your requirement. However, the […]
What is a Synchrophasor?
By Allan Armstrong and Doug Arnold The power grid is experiencing rapid change. Population growth and highly-consumptive industries – datacenters, IC fabs, mining & metal smelting – are driving capacity expansion. Green energy is rushing in to help, but solar and wind are distributed through the network and less predictable. Unlike thermal power plants, the […]
Genlock in a networked world
Five-minute facts about packet timing Once upon a time there was an industry that needed data sharing and time synchronization among devices that were spatially disbursed. So, the industry developed standards for data transfer and timing signals that each device could interface to, and everything worked. But the technical professionals in the industry did not […]
PTP Auto Mode
Five Minute Facts About Packet Timing By Andreja Jarc. In this post I would like to introduce a method which can be deployed in versatile PTP networks, professional media, power or any other timing network. Basically, it is a method which uses a combination of PTP and the Meinberg MRS (Multi-Reference-Source) feature which build together […]
GNSS Spoofing and how to mitigate it
Five Minute Facts About Packet Timing In a previous post I talked about GNSS jamming and how to mitigate it. Today I will discuss GNSS spoofing. Once again GNSS means Global Navisgation Satellite System, which includes not only GPS, but similar systems like the European Galileo. GNSS jamming is bad, but at least you always […]
GNSS jamming and how to mitigate it
Five Minute Facts About Packet Timing This post discusses GNSS jamming, for a discusstion of GNSS Spoofing see the follow up post. Before a timeserver transmits messages with timing information it usually gets that information from a GNSS receiver. That is a Global Navigation Satellite System. Such systems include the Global Positioning System (GPS), Galileo, […]
Performance Level Options for the Meinberg HPS100 card
Five Minute Facts About Packet Timing By Andreja Jarc. I promised you in my earlier post, that I will update you on how to pick the right license model and performance level of your High-Performance Synchronization (HPS100) card. Each performance level defines a number of packets / second or number of unicast slaves that can […]
Use Cases for Timing in Power Grids
Five Minute Facts About Packet Timing By Andreja Jarc. Evolution of Grids The power grid has been operating for a long time, long before data networks and ethernet systems were popular. It is one of the world’s largest infrastructures and also one of the most robust one. Therefore, one might ask, why are we not […]
PTP Telecom Profile in Power Grids
Five Minute Facts About Packet Timing By Andreja Jarc. Synchronization in Power Networks There are a few different timing technologies which are used for synchronization in power grids. Traditional power systems use IRIG-B which can deliver from 1 us to a few micro seconds accuracy, depending on whether you are using the TTL or AM […]
HSR and PRP: redundant Layer 2 networks
Five Minute Facts About Packet Timing By Doug Arnold If are looking into network technologies for power substations, or industrial automation you may run across HSR and/or PRP. So here is the five-minute version of what these things are. First of all, both HSR and PRP are layer s network protocols, which have include the […]